The Submarines of the D-Day Landings
The danger comes from the deep
Fallen into oblivion, the fierce naval battles of the First World War left no trace in the public memory. Yet with the use of submarine warfare, they foreshadowed what would become the formidable Battle of the Atlantic convoys during the Second World War. In May 1944, 26 German submarines — relentless hunters of cargo ships, known as Gruppe Landwirt — attempted to enter the English Channel in order to sow disorder among the multiple Allied convoys supplying the Normandy front throughout the summer of 1944. Sailing from French and Norwegian ports, they met with a terribly effective naval and air defence. Aircraft of the British Coastal Command ranged over a vast geographical area stretching from western England to the Bay of Biscay. Fast destroyer groups reinforced the aircraft, forming Operation Cork. They detected and hunted down the German submarines operating in shallow waters, denying them all life-saving dives. This episode of the German submarine war is very rarely recounted in the context of Operation Neptune.
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