GERMAN FORTIFICATIONS IN ALSACE-LORRAINE 1870–1918
1870… Alsace-Lorraine becomes German for nearly half a century.
Between 1871 and 1914, the victor built there a powerful fortified system articulated around the strongholds of Strasbourg, Neuf-Brisach, Metz and Thionville. All the new concepts developed in Germany were put into practice there, from the von Biehler forts to the powerful armoured and concrete fortified groups, the Festen. But the defence of the borders depended on the army's marching plan. The defensive system of Alsace-Lorraine was to be placed at the service of an offensive strategy: that of von Schlieffen.
1914! The fortresses and their garrisons enter the war. A gigantic construction effort is launched to bring the fortifications into a state of defence, while simultaneously supporting the army through a series of battles in August and September. Over the five years of the conflict, the strongholds become invaluable reserves of materiel for the front.
Captured intact by the Allies, they fascinated the victors of 1918.
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